The editor said: Virtual reality is currently the hottest venture capital field and topic of discussion, it carries people’s expectations for the future However, many people just stand outside the door and look at it without in-depth information. They only understand it through the fragmented information on the Internet. This information is not only one-sided, and the analysis is not in place, but it will also cause trouble to people who want to understand the trend or industry. Good orientation. This article will set out for everyone, and answer what is the definition of virtual reality and how can it be called virtual reality.
To understand the definition of virtual reality, you must first know What is real and what is virtual.
If “objective matter” represents reality, how do we perceive these objective matter? There is an old Chinese saying that “seeing is believing”, is it true that what the eye sees is true? Scientists tell us that what humans see, hear, smell, taste, and touch are nothing but “simplified versions” of external stimuli. For example, ordinary people can only see visible light with a wavelength between 380 nm and 780 nm, while we cannot see the ultraviolet, infrared and other areas, as shown in the figure below, but they are real.
Even with visible light, different people’s visions are completely different. People with myopia see things blurry, and people with color blindness cannot distinguish specific colors. Just like the blue and white dress that once caused controversy on the Internet, maybe the color you see is different from others. The world in the eyes of animals is also different. For example, Pippi shrimp has 16 kinds of cones that perceive colors, and the world in their eyes is colorful; cats and dogs see the world in monotonous colors, but they have excellent night vision capabilities; some Snakes have weak eyesight, but they can perceive their surroundings through infrared rays. Because of the many differences, different people feel the different “real” and “real” become more confusing. What we see, hear, smell, taste, and touch are only a representation of being “low-resolution”. The senses that humans have are limited, and there are a lot of “realness.” We can’t feel it, “reality” is far more abundant than what we can perceive.
“Virtual” is a relative concept of “real”, but if something virtual can give us enough “perception”, then we will also consider it to be real. We often have some wonderful dreams. The story and setting in the dreams are very poorly set, the plot is incoherent, and even the identity of the characters is erratic, but it is difficult for us to realize that these are “fake” in our dreams. In our dreams, we may laugh or burst into tears, and even when we wake up, we cannot let go. Why is the brain deceived by “dreams”? Because the brain only receives information, it does not distinguish whether the information is true or false. As long as the brain can fully reflect the “real”, then the dream is real.
Many people have had the experience of wandering and daydreaming, such as being in a busy city, but the mind has brought us to a quiet countryside, and the brain even shields all the real feelings around. Let your thoughts fly until others reach out to push you or wave them in front of your eyes. Sometimes this process is only a few seconds, sometimes it is also a long time. During this time, the brain is going through a virtual spiritual roaming.
Another classic case of deceiving the brain: In 1896, George M. Stratton, a professor at the University of California, Berkeley, did a vision experiment. He puts on a prismatic spectacle, which makes what the eye sees upside down, as if looking at the world upside down.
But after a short period of adaptation, Stratton’s brain was completely deceived. Even if he wears prismatic glasses, his brain will process the inverted world into a normal direction, as if It’s the same without glasses. Therefore, as long as the correct perception experience is given, we can easily enter the “virtual” world.
Oculus’s chief scientist Mike Abrash once said: “Even though we can see a lot of things, this is still too little information for the brain to reconstruct the whole world, so in hundreds of millions In the years of evolution, the brain will continuously train itself to perform’replenishment’ and’guessing’, so as to reconstruct the whole world with limited information. So, in fact, people think that what they see is not necessarily that Things are as they are.” Humans are like a CPU with multiple sensors connected to it, but full of bugs, it’s susceptible to interference and can make up for itself. Feelings from sight, hearing, smell, taste, touch, etc. are fed back to the brain. The brain compiles and forms what we think of as “reality”, but this is not necessarily objective “reality.”
Take two simple examples, the following two lines, which is longer, line 1 and line 2?
It looks like the second line is longer, but in fact they are the same length. I don’t believe you can find a ruler to measure it. This is visual deception.
Let’s see below In this picture, try to stare at the black spot in the center with your eyes, and then see if the surrounding color blocks will slowly disappear.
As you can see from the example, there are times when seeing is not true.
I wrote this to tell everyone that the biggest reason why virtual reality can be realized is that our perception of “real” comes from limited stimuli. Reality can make these “stimuli” look more real and interactive, so it is only a matter of time before our brains merge into the virtual reality world. Virtual reality devices may not need to copy a real world, but only need to input the correct content, meet the needs of human senses, and simulate the process of brain reconstruction of the world, so that we can feel that this is “real.” In the future, when virtual reality enters the field of neuroscience, we may be able to create a virtual world like The Matrix (The Matrix), or even create a new world that cannot be imagined at all. Perhaps, we are one in the virtual world. The butterfly is also unknown.
At this time, let’s look at the definition of virtual reality.
Virtual reality was first proposed in 1989 by Jaron Lanier, the founder of the American VPL company. Later, Aukstakalnis and Blatner defined virtual reality as follows: Virtual reality is a way for people to visualize and interactively manipulate extremely complex computer data.
Simply put, virtual reality is a kind of human-machine interface. Through this interface, we can interact naturally with the virtual environment simulated by the computer, through seeing and hearing , Smell, touch, etc. to get the same feeling as the real world. If the brain can fully get the feedback of the virtual environment, then we can get a perfect sense of immersion from the virtual world. When we see a glass of red wine in the virtual world, if we can smell it, touch the temperature of the glass, or even taste the taste of red wine, then we will easily think that this is a real glass of red wine. Virtual reality is to use the deceptive nature of people’s brains to achieve immersion through various interaction and feedback technologies. Virtual reality is a completely different concept from traditional 3D display and holographic projection.
American scientists Burdea G. and Philippe Coiffet proposed in 1993 that virtual reality has three important characteristics: Interactivity, Immersion, Imagination, referred to as “3I” features.
Interactivity means that users can interact naturally with objects in the virtual environment through technology. The accuracy and real-time of this interaction affect the immersion effect; immersion refers to the user It can be completely surrounded by the virtual environment and strengthen the realism of the virtual environment through various feedbacks; Imagination means that the user can reproduce the real environment in virtual reality, and can also imagine an objectively non-existent environment at will. The user is not just passively accepting Information can also generate new ideas and ideas, and take the initiative to explore information.
In layman’s terms, a virtual reality system is mainly composed of three parts: Calculation rendering layer, system software layer, display interaction layer.
The computing rendering layer is mainly responsible for computing and rendering tasks. Computers, hosts, all-in-ones, mobile phones and other terminals can be used as environment construction equipment ;
The system software layer is responsible for the establishment, rendering and display of the model. It is also responsible for driving the hardware to analyze the tracking signals and generate various feedbacks; p>
The display interaction layer is mainly used to input/output signals and track human behavior, such as head-mounted display devices, location tracking devices, motion capture devices, brain wave capture devices, etc.
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The editor said: Virtual reality is currently the hottest field of venture capital and discussion topics. It carries people’s expectations for the future, but many people just stand outside the door and look at it without going deep. , To understand it only through the fragmented information on the Internet, this information is not only one-sided, the analysis is not in place, but also it will cause bad guidance for people who want to understand the trend or industry. This article will set out for everyone, and answer what is the definition of virtual reality and how can it be called virtual reality.
要了解虚拟现实的定义，首先要知道什么是真实，什么是虚拟。
如果说“客观物质”就代表真实，那我们如何去感知这些客观物质呢？中国有句古话叫“眼见为实”，是不是眼睛看到的就是真实的呢？科学家告诉我们，人类看到的、听到的、闻到的、品尝到的、触摸到的东西，都不过是外界刺激的“简化版”。比如一般人只能看到波长在380 ～ 780nm 之间的可见光，而紫外线区、红外线区以及其他区我们则无法看到，如下图所示，但它们却是真实存在的。
即便是可见光，不同人眼中的景象也完全不同，近视的人看东西模糊不清，色盲的人不能区分特定的颜色。就像曾经在网络上引起争议的蓝白裙子，也许你看到的颜色就和别人不同。动物眼中的世界也是不同的，比如皮皮虾拥有16 种感受颜色的视锥细胞，它们眼中的世界色彩斑斓；猫和狗看到的世界色彩单调，但它们却有出色的夜视能力；有些蛇的视力很弱，但它们能通过红外线感知周围。正因为有着诸多的差异，不同人感受着不同的“真实”“真实”变得更加扑朔迷离。我们看到的、听到的、闻到的、品尝到的、触摸到的东西，仅仅只是一种被“低解析度”的表象，人类所拥有的感官是有限的，还有很多“真实”我们感受不到，“真实”远远比我们能够感知的东西要丰富。
“虚拟”是“真实”的相对概念，但如果虚拟的东西能够给我们足够多的“感知”，那么我们也会认为它是真实的。我们常常做一些奇妙的梦，梦中的故事情景设定很拙劣，情节不连贯，甚至人物的身份都飘忽不定，但我们在梦中却很难意识到这些都是“假”的。我们在梦中或开怀大笑、或泪水涟涟，甚至醒来也无法释怀，为什么大脑会被“梦境”欺骗呢？因为大脑只接收信息，并不辨别这些信息是真的还是假的，只要大脑能完全反映出“真实”，那么梦境就是真实的。
许多人都有过走神、做白日梦的经历，比如身处闹市，但心智却把我们带到了宁静的乡村，大脑甚至屏蔽了周围所有真实的感觉，任由思绪飞舞，直到别人伸手推你一下或是在你眼前挥舞一下才会打断你的思绪。这个过程有时只有几秒，有时却也漫长，这段时间内大脑就算在进行一次虚拟的精神漫游。
欺骗大脑的另一个经典案例：1896 年，美国加州大学伯克利分校的教授乔治·M·斯特拉顿（George M. Stratton）做了一个视觉实验。他戴上一个棱柱眼镜，这个眼镜会让眼睛看到的东西上下颠倒，就像倒立着看世界一样。
但经过短暂的适应之后，斯特拉顿的大脑被彻底欺骗了，即使他戴着棱柱眼镜，大脑也会把倒立的世界处理成正常的方向，就好像没戴眼镜一样。所以，只要给出正确的感知体验，我们很容易就能进入“虚拟”世界。
Oculus 的首席科学家Mike Abrash 曾这样说：“即使我们可以看到很多东西，但是这对于大脑重构整个世界来说信息量还是太少了，所以在几亿年的进化中，大脑会不断地训练它自己，进行‘补充’和‘猜测’，从而用有限的信息来重构整个世界。所以，事实上，人们认为自己看到的东西并不一定就是那个东西真实的样子。”人类就像一个外接多种感应器的CPU，但是充满了BUG，易受干扰还会自我脑补。来自视觉、听觉、嗅觉、味觉、触觉等感觉反馈到大脑中，大脑进行编译之后形成了我们认为的“真实”，但这未必就是客观的“真实”。
举两个简单的例子，下面两条线，线条1 和线条2 哪个更长？
看起来线条二更长，但实际上他们一样长，不相信可以找个尺子量一下，这就是视觉欺骗。
我们看下面这张图，试试用双眼盯着中心的黑点看，然后看周围的色块是否会慢慢消失。
从例子中可以看出，眼见也会有不为实的时候。
写了这些，就是要告诉大家，虚拟现实之所以能够实现，最大的原因就是我们对“真实”的感知来源于有限的刺激，只要虚拟现实能够让这些“刺激”看上去更真实、交互上更自然，那么我们的大脑融入虚拟现实世界就只是时间问题而已。虚拟现实设备也许并不需要去复制一个真实的世界，只需要输入正确的内容，满足人类感官的需求，模拟大脑重构世界的过程，就能让我们觉得这就是“真实”。未来，当虚拟现实进入神经科学领域，我们也许能创造一个像《The Matrix（黑客帝国）》那样的虚拟世界，甚至创造一个现在根本无法想象的新世界，或许，我们在虚拟世界中是一只蝴蝶也不可知。
这时候我们再来看一下虚拟现实的定义。
虚拟现实最初是由美国VPL 公司创建人Jaron Lanier 在1989 年提出的，之后Aukstakalnis 和Blatner 对虚拟现实做了如下定义：虚拟现实是人们对计算机极其复杂的数据进行可视化以及交互操作的一种方法。
简单地说，虚拟现实就是一种人机接口，通过这个接口，我们能与计算机模拟出的虚拟环境自然交互，透过看到、听到、闻到、触摸到等获得与真实世界相同的感受。如果大脑能够完全得到虚拟环境的反馈，那么我们就能从虚拟世界中获得完美的沉浸感。当我们在虚拟世界中看到一杯红酒，如果我们可以闻到它的气味，触到酒杯的温度，甚至品尝到红酒的味道，那么我们会很容易觉得这就是一杯真实的红酒。虚拟现实就是利用人们大脑的易欺骗性，通过各种交互和反馈技术实现沉浸感。虚拟现实是与传统3D 显示、全息投影完全不同的概念。
美国科学家Burdea G. 和Philippe Coiffet 在1993 年提出，虚拟现实具有三个重要特性：交互性（Interactivity）、沉浸性（Immersion）、想象性（Imagination），简称“3I”特性。
交互性是指用户通过技术可以与虚拟环境中的对象自然互动，这种互动的准确度和实时度影响沉浸效果；沉浸性是指用户可以完全被虚拟环境所包围，并通过各种反馈强化虚拟环境的真实感；想象性是指用户在虚拟现实中可以再现真实环境，也可以随意构想客观不存在的环境，用户并不只是被动接受信息，还可以产生新意和构想，主动去探索信息。
通俗地说，虚拟现实系统主要由三部分组成：计算渲染层、系统软件层、显示交互层。
计算渲染层主要负责计算渲染任务，计算机、主机、一体机、手机等终端都可以作为环境构建设备；
系统软件层负责模型的建立、渲染和显示，还负责驱动硬件对追踪信号的分析以及产生各种反馈；
显示交互层主要用来输入/ 输出信号及跟踪人的行为，比如头显设备、位置追踪设备、动作捕捉设备、脑电波捕捉设备等。
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从读者角度出发的科普类VR（虚拟现实）图书，通过浅显易懂的语言来讲解当前火热但很多人都没有弄清楚的虚拟现实行业和产品的现状、发展以及未来的演进，帮助读者来深入了解并玩转虚拟现实头盔、眼镜等产品，也帮助开发者认识相应的开发规则，为创业者发现创、投行业机会，把握时代脉搏。
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