(1) What is BIOS?
BIOS is the abbreviation of “Basic Input Output System” in English, and the Chinese meaning is Basic Input Output System. It is a set of programs that are cured on a chip on the motherboard of the computer. It stores the most important basic input and output programs of the computer, system setting information, self-check programs after power-on, and system self-start programs. Its main function is to provide the lowest level and most direct hardware settings and control for the computer-a “bridge” connecting software programs and hardware devices, and is responsible for solving the real-time requirements of the hardware.
(2)Recognize the chip that stores the BIOS
1, chip manufacturer and package form
common chip manufacturer Mainly include Winbond (Winbond), Intel, ATMEL, SST, MXIC, etc. The chip capacity is mostly 2Mbits or 4Mbits.
Most of the BIOS chips are packaged in the form of DIP (dual in-line). In order to save space, some adopt PLCC package. Most of the BIOS on laptop computers use SOJ package. It is convenient to replace the BIOS chip.
The memory chip storing the BIOS is printed with the manufacturer’s logo.
2, this chip has the following characteristics:
basic input output system program stored
not free plug can be refreshed
3, BIOS chip type:
( 1) ROM– early
use (2) EPROM (erasable programmable ROM, erasable programmable ROM)
EPROM 27 is the beginning of the model, such as the 27C020 (8 * 256K) is a capacity of 2M Bits EPROM chip. The EPROM eraser is used to complete the chip erasing operation. damage. Driver
(3) EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable ROM, electrically erasable programmable ROM) after
586 on motherboard BIOS ROM chips are used most EEPROM, and through the jumper switch system equipped with a disc , EEPROM can be rewritten, and BIOS can be upgraded conveniently.
(4) NORFlash
In addition to EEPROM capacity greater than the outside, mainly NORFlash has written feature, run the computer to update the BIOS by way of software, without requiring additional hardware support (usually EEPROM erase voltage and require different conditions), and the write The entry speed is fast.
4, the content stored in the BIOS chip:
&#strong; Identify the hardware configuration, and perform self-check and initialization;
>During the boot process Start with a special hotkey, set it up, and store it in CMOS RAM;
>System bootloader After the check is successful, load the boot program on the relative 0 track 0 sector of the disk into the memory, and let it run to load into the DOS system; The driver and interrupt service of the main I/O device: Because the BIOS directly deals with system hardware resources, it is always targeted at a certain type of hardware system, and various hardware systems are different Different types of BIOS, with the development of hardware technology, the same type of BIOS has appeared in different versions. The new version of BIOS is more powerful than the old version.
(3) What is CMOS?
CMOS is the abbreviation of Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor. It is a low-power readable and writable RAM chip on the computer motherboard. It is used to save the BIOS hardware configuration and the user’s settings for certain parameters. The early CMOS chip was a single chip MC146818A (DIP package), with a total of 64 bytes to store system information. Microcomputers after the 386 generally integrate the MC146818A chip into other IC chips (such as 82C206, PQFP package), and the motherboard after the 586 integrates CMOS, system real-time clock and backup battery into a chip called DALLDA 1 287 With the development of microcomputers and the increase of settable parameters, the current CMOS RAM generally has a capacity of 128 bytes and up to 256 bytes.
(four) to enter the BIOS setup typically three ways:
1, into the hot key method:
Turn on the computer Or after restarting the computer, when the screen displays “Waiting……”, press the hot key preset by the manufacturer to enter.
The hotkeys for entering the BIOS setup program of different machines are different, and the screens are usually given on the screen or the user manual needs to be carefully observed.
The most common type of desktop computer is the “delete/del” key; the most common type of notebook computer 2 is the “delete/del” key.
2, using software provided by the system:
many motherboards now offer a program to enter the BIOS setup program in DOS and settings in the Windows Control Panel and registry has been included in section BIOS settings .
3, with a number of software applications can read and write the CMOS:
part of the application, such as QAPLUS (currently only available in English) provides for CMOS read, write, modify functions, they can also be through Modify some basic system configuration settings.
(Five)BIOS setup introduction
The standard BIOS setup options are as follows:
Setup (standard CMOS settings)
integrated peripherals (integrated peripherals)
BIOS Features Setup (BIOS characteristic setting)
Supervisor password (password manager)
chipset Features Setup (located chipset Features set)
user password (user password)
power management Setup (power management settings)
IDE HDD Auto detection (IDE hard disk automatically detect)
PNP / PCI Configuration (PnP / PCI device configuration)
save & exit Setup (save and exit)
load BIOS defaults (load BIOS default setting value)
exit without save (to exit without saving)
load Optimum settings (load Enter the best setting)
The standard BIOS setting options are as follows:
#strong0000<0000 Standard CMOS setting) Used to set the date, time, soft and hard disk specifications, work type and display type
trong>>INTEGRATED PERIPHERALS (built-in integrated device peripheral settings) Motherboard integrated device settings< /span>
>color: #ff0000″>> color: #ff0000″>> color: #ff0000″>> color setting: #00 BIOS(BIOS function setting): To set the special features of the BIOS such as virus warning, boot disk priority program, etc.
” #pan0000 style=”
strong>>PNP/PCI CONFIGURATION (Plug and Play Device and PCI Configuration Settings) Used to set interrupts and other differences between ISA and other plug-and-play devices
#span 0000″>>colors
>LOAD BIOS DEFAULTS (load BIOS default values)
This option is used to load the BIOS initial settings LOA D OPRIMUM SETTINGS (Loading motherboard BIOS factory setting)
This is the basic BIOS settings, to determine the fault coverage
> BIOS VISOR PASSWORD: #spanff”> password for the computer administrator. Modify setting password
>PASSWORD style=”color: #ff0000″>>PASSWORD style=”color: #ff0000″>PASSWORD style=”user password #ff0000″>>PASSWORD style=”User Set power-on password
>Automatic detection of HDD IDE style
Exit
#strong style >EXIT WITHOUT SAVE (use the original settings and exit the BIOS settings) do not save the modified settings, and exit the settings