2.1.1 Host equipment matched with Linux
1?? The larger the memory in the server, the better. In fact, in Linux servers, memory is more important than CPU. Because if the memory is not large enough, the hard disk’s memory swap space (swap) will be used, and the hard disk is much slower than the memory, so too small memory will affect the overall system performance.
2??Hard Disk Due to the difference in data volume and data access frequency, the requirements for hard disks are also different .
If it’s a general small server, the focus is usually on capacity. Hard disk capacity greater than 20GB is sufficient.
If the server is used as a backup or a file server for a small business, consider using a high-end disk array (RAID )model.
TIPS: Disk Array (RAID) is a method of using hardware technology to integrate several hard disks into one large hard disk. The operating system will only see the large hard disk that is finally integrated. Disk array is composed of multiple hard disks, so it can achieve speed performance, backup and other tasks.
3?? VGA graphics card
4?? Network Interface Card network card-is one of the most important components on the server.
2.1.2 File name of each hardware device in Linux
After selecting the required hardware device, understand each hardware The role played in Linux.
In Linux systems, each device is treated as a file.
In Linux systems, almost all hardware device files are in the /dev directory < /div>
The file name of the device in Linux:
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If the machine uses the cloud that has been applied for by an Internet provider (ISP) Machine, you may get a virtual machine at this time.
To speed up, the disk in the virtual machine is generated using an emulator, which generates The disk file name is /dev/vd[ap] series file name
Example: SATA interface hard disk file The name is /dev/sd[ad], where the letter in the brackets is any one of ad.
that is, there are four files: /dev/sda, dev/sdb, dev/sdc, dev/sdd mean.
2.1.3 Use Virtual machine
The hardware virtualization technology is mature. At present, the CPU microinstruction set of ordinary mid-level personal computers is already The hardware virtualization instruction set is integrated, so any computer can virtualize several logically independent systems.
Virtualization system can easily produce similar hardware resources.
Virtualization software recommendation:
Windows series, recommended to use virtualbox
Linux system The virtual machine administrator in the original system handles it.
Currently, most Linux systems use KVM virtualization software
2.2 Disk partition< /span>
Linux system is installed in the computer’s disk.
A disk can be partitioned into multiple partitions (partition)
Take windows as an example, a disk can be partitioned into C, D, E, and F disks.
Linux devices exist as files. What is the file name of the partition? How to partition the disk? Limitations of disk partitions?
2.2.1 Disk connection method and device file name The relationship between
There are two common disk interfaces for personal computers, namely: SATA and SAS interfaces
Virtualization is a very common technology at present, so the machines used are likely to be virtual machines. These virtual machines use ” “Virtual Disk” is not a normal disk interface. In this case, the disk file name is different.
Normal physical machines probably use the disk file name of /dev/sd[a-] span>
In a virtual machine environment, in order to speed up, you may use the device file name /dev/vd[ap]< /span>
Virtual machine: Assuming that the host is a virtual machine with only one VirtIO interface disk, the disk file name in the Linux operating system should be /dev /vda is right
SATA interface: Disk interfaces such as SATA/USB/SAS are all driven by SCSI modules, so the disk device file names of these interfaces are all in the format of /dev/sd[ap]. Therefore, the disks of the SATA/USB interface do not have a certain order at all, it is based on the order of the disks detected by the Linux kernel.
The disk is divided into two partitions , How to name the device file name of the partition?
Disk composition: disk, robotic arm, magnetic head, spindle motor, data writing The input is on the disc.
The disc can be subdivided into sectors: Sector, Track ) Two units
There are two sizes of physical quantity design for sectors: 512Bytes, 4KBytes< /span>
2.2.2 MSDOS (MBR) And GPT partition table
< div> 2.2.3 BIOS and UEFI boot detection procedures during the boot process
